Heat a Dutch oven over medium heat. Add 1 lb ground beef, ½ tbsp cumin, and a pinch of salt. Cook until browned. Stir in ½ cup diced tomatoes and ½ tbsp white vinegar. Cook for 3-4 minutes, then transfer the cooked ground beef to a bowl.
In the same Dutch oven, heat 3 tbsp achiote oil. Add 1 pureed onion and 3 cloves of pureed garlic. Cook for 3-4 minutes until fragrant. Stir in 2 tbsp tomato paste, ½ tbsp cumin, 1 tsp coriander, ½ tbsp smoked paprika, ½ tbsp Mexican oregano, ½ tsp salt, and ½ tsp black pepper. Cook for 2-3 minutes to toast the spices.
Add 2 cups of rinsed and cleaned white rice to the Dutch oven. Stir to coat the rice in the oil and spices. Toast for 2-3 minutes, stirring often.
Return the cooked beef mixture to the pot and stir to combine. Pour in 2 cups of beef broth. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover and cook for 25 minutes, or until the rice is tender and the liquid is absorbed.
Remove from heat and let the rice sit with the lid on for 15 minutes.
Fluff the rice with a fork and stir in ¼ cup chopped fresh cilantro. Serve warm with lime wedges or your favorite toppings.